power amplifier (follower linear)
power amplifiers are basically amplifiers that class usually have a voltage gain of 1 and work effectively as in transformers impedances *. its main characteristic is its ability to handle significant outflows. followers are sometimes called linear circuits similar to transistor emitter follower. Power amplifiers are often used in conjunction with operational amplifiers within the feedback loop to provide a current additional output.
differential amplifier
differential amplifiers have two input terminals, isolated both in respect of mass through the same impedance as shown in Figure 2 . basically similar to the class voltage amplifiers, differential amplifier only amplifies the voltage difference between its two input terminals. signals appearing in both terminals are amplified, allowing the differential amplifier to extract small signals in the presence of strong electromagnetic interference. this ability to reject signals common to both input terminals are specified in terms of common mode rejection. representative component is the sprague ULN-2047.
Figure 2 .- Amplifier Differential 
isolation amplifier
consisting of several stages of amplification, the amplifier input is either electrically While optically isolated output (Fig. 3). the input amplifier is usually of differential modulated radio frequency in its output, which is carried through an rf transformer to the second stage, which is demodulated and filtered. power supply for the input amplifier section also must be isolated so that there is no connection at low frequencies or continuous between-inlet and outlet sections of the amplifier. the performance of optical isolation amplifiers is similar, and replaced by an rf transformer opto-coupler. isolation amplifiers are usually encapsulated in a unit and are used in applications requiring very low levels of behavior continues or through food. isolation amplifiers always require isolated power supplies and adequately insulated cables between power supply and amplifier. in some cases batteries are used to circumvent the problem of isolation of the power supply. representative component is the analog devices ad293.
consumer ICs
encompassed integrated circuits in this category are those offered by manufacturers for use in equipment classified as \u0026lt;\u0026lt;electrónica of consumo>>. Obviously, the CI used in watches, smoke detectors, televisions and calculators fall into this category. integrated circuits used in electrical timers are the same as those used in industrial clocks, and the microprocessor used to control a microwave or an electronic game will also be encompassed as consumer ci. this classification problem is marked by the fact that for any given function, such as the CI of a clock, a calculator or a CI for an electronic game, there are many different models, some selling only the manufacturer of the product available for consumption and other electronics distributors. some of these ci are so exclusive that even never have been published specifications, and some have been developed exclusively for a calculator, clock or game. integrated circuits designed for automatic cameras, for example, seem to belong mostly to this category.
only a few manufacturers publish data and custom integrated circuits for only a few types. the vast majority of integrated circuits used in mass market Custom designs are apparently consumption and need for spare parts only original equipment manufacturer has them in stock.
the ci of consumption are almost always large-scale circuit integration and often contain both analog and digital circuits. in this section were related to consumption of integrated circuits according to consumer equipment that are used. each is a representative example those of an acetate standard and custom designs that perform a particular function. where its function is combined with others, may be differences in their characteristics other minor differences, but the core functionality described here is specific to each type of integrated circuit.
alarm circuit
this circuit provides all necessary functions for burglar alarms, temperature, humidity and other types of security systems. including positive and negative entries with a noise suppression signal as shown in Figure 4. one of the features of this CI is its ability to detect the discharge of the battery. output current can be adjusted to the excitement of speakers speakers or other audio or visual indicator. has separate inputs for connecting and disconnecting switches for alarm. These switches usually work powered battery consumption requirements of this type of integrated circuit should be minimized.
Luis Fernando Cantor Well
19135529
Electronic Engineering, Solid State Electronics
Section 2
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