integrated passive optical component
Passive optical components are integrated planar optical waveguide structures (PLWL, Eng. PLC), in which several features passive waveguide are monolithically integrated on a chip. Such components are now in large Volumes for fiber optic transmission systems (FTTH) is used. The function of these components is mainly the distribution of the light signals from a transmission fiber on many fibers or their reversal. Such branching agents, also called chips that allow a tree as they are in the PON systems needed (eg G-PON). Today, monomode splitters 1 and 2 × N × N with up to 64 channels and are commercially available in the entire frequency range of standard telecom fiber from 1260 to 1650 nm can be used.
which has long been known and field-proven technology for manufacturing such components is based on the ion exchange process in glass (Ken Koizumi, 1971). Here are generated by an appropriate photolithographic mask metal sodium ions of the glass localized by silver ions replaced. The silver ions cause an increase in the refractive index given by the mask paths and shape thus the waveguide structure.
result from this first purely thermal ion exchange sufficient surface waveguide, the geometry and transmission characteristics have not the technological requirements for loss and environmental stability. This is achieved by a second electric field guided by diffusion, in which one of the near-surface Silver ions with sodium ions from a salt melt in the glass buried inside. The resulting fibers are about 15 micrometers below the glass surface and show excellent transmission characteristics and long-term stability. [1] The OPAL network of Deutsche Telekom are produced in this way waveguide in use since 1993 and they show no signs of degeneration. [2] . In Germany, such waveguide components from the company IOT (former subsidiary of Schott Glass and Carl Zeiss) under a by the German Federal Government developed funded national research and development project in the 1980s and today by the company LEONI Fiber Optics GmbH produced.
An alternative chip technology is based on deposition of fused silica or doped silica glass films on a substrate of silicon or quartz. Here, the waveguide structures formed by etched out from a higher refractive index layer (eg, a germanium-doped silica glass layer). The resulting structures are then covered by another layer of quartz glass. Is called in this way produced passive structures as "Silica on Silicon," or "Silica on silica waveguide (SIOS). As the ion-exchanged waveguides SIOS-optic cables are also low loss and broadband. However, they state because of the layered structure of materials of different thermal expansion of a much higher polarization sensitivity especially with fluctuating temperatures.
By modifying the production parameters can be developed, other fiber properties. Passive integrated optical waveguide chips are for wavelengths down to 600 nm. More complex structures such as interferometers or wavelength-dependent functions can be realized. Such complex optical Chips are available for different applications such as sensors, instrumentation, diagnostics, etc., of interest because they give the possibility of a strong miniaturization and significant cost savings through integration.
Luis Fernando Cantor Bueno
19135529
Ingenieria Electronica, Electronica De Estados sólidos
Seccion 2
0 comments:
Post a Comment